Publications
WP2 HYDROGEN PURITY
The report makes a recommendation for a minimum hydrogen purity standard to be used by manufacturers developing prototype hydrogen appliances and during their subsequent demonstration, as part of the Hy4Heat programme. It makes a recommendation for a hydrogen purity level with the aim that it is reasonable and practicable and considers implications related to hydrogen production, the gas network and cost.
WP2 HYDROGEN ODORANT
This study focused on identifying a suitable odorant for use with 100% hydrogen as a fuel for domestic hydrogen boilers and cookers. The research involved a review of existing odorants used primarily for natural gas - including Odorant NB - and a number of other odorants based on available literature. The results confirm that Odorant NB would be a suitable one, as it meets the minimum requirements for odorants already used in natural gas.
WP2 HYDROGEN COLOURANT
The Hydrogen Colourant report was a study to determine if there is a requirement for adding a colourant to hydrogen to ensure that safe burning and user acceptance is achieved and to investigate the optimum solution if a colourant is required. The recommendation is that adding colourant to a future hydrogen gas network for use within buildings is not necessary if engineering measures are put in place to enable safe appliance operation.
WP2 IGEM REVIEWS HYDROGEN STANDARDS
This standard has been created for the specific purposes of the Hy4Heat programme. The standard was commissioned in 2018 and this version was considered and approved by the relevant IGEM committees in May 2020
WP3 PAS4444:2020 Hydrogen-fired gas appliances: Guide
PAS 4444:2020 gives guidance on the development and construction of hydrogen- red gas appliances, which are either purpose-built to use hydrogen or are designed to be converted to use hydrogen.
PAS 4444:2020 has been developed primarily to support the Hy4Heat programme but can also form the basis for wide-scale standardisation of hydrogen-fuelled appliances, by providing principles for manufacturers regarding the safety and functionality of hydrogen-fuelled and hydrogen/natural gas dual-fuelled or converted appliances, including: boilers, cookers and fires.
WP5a UNDERStANDING COMMERCIAL APPLIANCES
Environmental Resources Management has conducted a market research study (work package 5a) into the variety of commercial appliances and the issues to be addressed in their conversion or replacement with hydrogen appliances: Understanding Commercial Appliances.
WP6 REPORT regarding the CONVERSION OF INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT TO HYDROGEN
The study focuses on converting current industrial natural gas heating technologies to use 100% hydrogen, considering the evidence which must be available before a decision on the UK’s decarbonisation pathway for heating could be made. The aim of the study is to assess the technical requirements and challenges associated with industrial hydrogen conversion and estimate the associated costs and timeframes.
WP7 Annex TO SITE SPECIFIC SAFETY CASE FOR HYDROGEN COMMUNITY DEMONSTRATION
Annex prepared to support Site Specific Safety Cases for hydrogen gas community demonstrations, based on work undertaken by the Hy4Heat programme. It covers a collection of recommended risk reduction measures for application downstream of the Emergency Control Valve (ECV).
WP7 Precis
An overview of the Safety Assessment work undertaken as part of the Hy4Heat programme.
WP7 Safety Assessment: Conclusions Report (incorporating Quantitative Risk AssessmeNt)
A comparative risk assessment of natural gas versus hydrogen gas, including a quantitative risk assessment; and identification of control measures to reduce risk and manage hydrogen gas safety for a community demonstration.
WP7 Safety Assessment: Consequence Modelling Assessment
A comparative assessment of the consequences in the event of a gas leak and ignition event for natural gas and hydrogen gas.
WP7 Safety Assessment: Gas Ignition and Explosion Data Analysis
A review of experimental data focusing on how natural gas and hydrogen gas ignitions behave and a comparison of observed methane and hydrogen deflagrations.
WP7 Safety Assessment: Gas Dispersion Modelling Assessment
An assessment of how natural gas and hydrogen gas disperses and accumulates within an enclosure (e.g. in an event of a gas leak in a building).
WP7 Safety Assessment: Gas Dispersion Data Analysis
A review of experimental data focusing on how natural gas and hydrogen gas disperses and accumulates within an enclosure (e.g. in an event of a gas leak in a building).
WP7 Safety Assessment: Gas Escape Frequency and Magnitude Assessment
An assessment of the different causes of existing natural gas leaks and the frequency of such events; and then a review of the relevance of this to a hydrogen gas network.
WP7 Safety Assessment: Experimental Testing - for the Suitability of Hydrogen in Existing Buildings – Domestic Pipework Leakage
Comparison of leak rates for hydrogen and methane gas from various domestic gas joints and fittings seen in typical domestic gas installations.
WP7 Safety Assessment: Experimental Testing –for the suitability of Hydrogen in Existing Buildings - Commercial Pipework Leakage
Comparison of hydrogen and methane leak rates on a commercial gas pipework system, specifically the gas meter and equipment contained within the Plant Room of a MOD site.
WP7 Safety Assessment: Experimental Testing - Cupboard Level Leakage and Accumulation Data Report
Comparison of the movement and accumulation of leaked hydrogen vs. methane gas within cupboard spaces in a typical domestic property.
WP7 Safety Assessment: Experimental Testing - Property Level Leakage and Accumulation Data Report
Comparison of the movement and accumulation of leaked hydrogen vs. methane gas within a typical domestic property.
WP7 Safety Assessment: Experimental Testing - Ignition Potential Testing with Hydrogen and Methane
Investigation of the ignition potential of hydrogen-air mixtures by household electrical items and a comparison with the ignition potential of methane-air mixtures.
WP7 domestic hydrogen purge procedures
The aim of the report, written by Steer Energy, was to review the current purge standards for UK domestic installations, in particular IGEM/UP/1B, and to carry out experiments to assess the validity of those standards for use with hydrogen. These activities were carried out in order to understand and recommend safe purge practices for hydrogen in a domestic environment.
WP9 FOCUS GROUP AND LITERATURE REVIEW REPORT
The report, by CAG Consulting, is research into people’s potential responses if asked to take part in a hypothetical community trial:
a literature review to identify relevant evidence
focus groups involving people who either owned or rented houses (not flats) connected to the gas grid
Annual progress reports
The programme produced a number of annual progress reports
Final Progress report
A final report covering covering activity in 2021 and early 2022 including: standards and certification, safety assessment and appliance and meter development. It has a foreword from Mark Taylor, BEIS Deputy Director for Energy Innovation and an introduction letter from Arup Hy4Heat Director Mark Neller.
2020 annual progress report
An update covering activity and progress made through 2020.
2019 annual progress report
A short summary of the work undertaken across all the work packages over the past year.
2018 Annual progress report
A review of the activity undertaken by the Hy4Heat programme in 2018.
Appliance developer leaflets
Work Package 4
work package 4b
Work package 5b
Work Package 10
Evaluation report for Department for Energy and Net Zero
Evaluation Report of Hy4HEat programme
Published in March 2023, an evaluation report into the Hy4Heat programme